Driveline & ujoint angles
When installing a non-stock transmission such as a TKO into a first gen, we occasionally receive questions about driveline & ujoint angles. Some of the questions that come up are: why do I have to worry about angles, aren’t ujoints supposed to solve angle problems? Or: I have a vibration, is it being caused by my driveshaft? The following rules of thumb and the attached link should help you understand ujoints and their limits and help you put your driveline together without problems.
Both the transmission output shaft (which includes the entire crank centerline of the engine) and rear end pinion should both be on the same angle (parallel, or as close as possible). The ujoints should have an EQUAL (within 1/2*) AND OPPOSITE (to each other) ANGLE of no more than 3.5 degrees. This is a perfect world setting, but we all know that's not always achievable. The closer you can get to these specifications the longer your ujoints will last. The farther from these settings you go, the lifespan of the ujoints is reduced and the possibility of vibration associated with them increases. This does not mean that you will have a vibration that you can feel if you are not right on these specs. The goal should be to get as close as you can. Ujoints MUST have at least a ½ degree angle to operate. A ujoint that is zero angled will not last very long. There are a lot of modified cars on the road with less than desirable ujoint angles and they run with no noticeable vibration but their lifespan will be shortened. Another thing to consider is spring wrap which is a very important thing to consider when diagnosing a vibration problem. There have been a lot of people who have incorrectly diagnosed a driveshaft vibration and have blamed the driveshaft when it isn't the problem at all. When accelerating and decelerating the pinion angle changes. When accelerating the pinion goes up, when decelerating the pinion goes down. This changes the ujoint angle drastically, especially at the rear. If your springs are weak or if you have a lot of horsepower with good traction, this can be a real problem because as the angle increases beyond acceptable limits the vibration gets worse. Try to get your angles as close as you can then worry about stabilizing the rear end if it becomes an issue. Have a look at the link here. It should help you further.
Thanks to the Driveline Doctors for this.
http://www.drivetrain.com/driveline_angle_problem.htmlOne other thing to consider is driveshaft RPM and length. The faster a driveshaft spins and the longer it is there is a greater possibility of the “skipping rope effect” to occur. This is very dangerous as the drive shaft will want to fold in half and we don’t need to talk about why this is not a good thing. Make sure you talk to your supplier about your intentions with your car. The supplier of your drive shaft will work with you to get the correct length and material thickness for your application.
Clutch Fork Alignment & Throw Bearing Adjustment
If you are using a stock GM bellhousing you will simply need to use a stock length throw out bearing, stock clutch fork, and stock ball stud. No clutch fork adjustments are required.
If you are using a scattershield you will need to make sure your clutch fork and TO bearing are properly adjusted. Using an adjustable TO bearing and/or an adjustable ball stud will help you achieve the clutch fork angle that is required.
Pilot Bearing Removal
Pilot bearing/bushing removal can be accomplished in different ways. Packing grease behind the bearing to press it out is one method but here is a tool we found that makes the job clean and easy. Visit
http://www.springertool.com to purchase this specialty tool. Click here for a picture:
http://www.springertool.com/files/3sizes_1.jpg.
Bellhousing Alignment
Before installing your new Tremec TKO transmission, it is important to make sure that your bellhousing or scattershield is properly aligned with the centerline of the crankshaft. The alignment process is called “dial indicating”. If using an old stock GM bellhousing or a Lakewood scattershield, dial indicating is necessary before installing your transmission. If you are using a Quicktime scattershield or a Hurst Driveline reproduction aluminum bellhousing and your motor has not been line bored, checking alignment is not necessary as these scattershields are built to within .005" of the crank centerline (the max required run out for installing a TKO)***. A bellhousing that is not centered with the crank can result in poor shifting, clutch engagement problems, worn pilot bearing, as well as accelerated wear on the transmission itself.
Unfortunately checking the alignment can be a tedious task, especially if the engine is still in the car. To check for proper alignment, you will need a dial indicator, some basic tools, and a bit of patience.
Checking bellhousing alignment
http://www.hurst-drivelines.com/files/G ... 15-09A.pdf
Before installing your new TKO transmission, it is important to make sure that your bellhousing
or scattershield is properly aligned with the centerline of the crankshaft. The alignment process is called “dial indicating”. If using a stock GM bellhousing or a scattershield (blow proof bell housing), dial indicating is necessary before installing your transmission. The Hurst Driveline bellhousings and the Quicktime scattershields are built and checked to be
within the manufacturer’s specifications (.005” tolerance). If you are using one of these
bellhousings and your motor has not been align bored, in theory, dial indicating is not
necessary as these units have been built and checked to be within the required Tremec
tolerance***. However, checking any bellhousing for proper alignment is a good idea. Installing
a bellhousing that is not centered with the crank can result in poor shifting, clutch engagement
problems, worn pilot bearing, as well as accelerated wear on the transmission itself.
Unfortunately checking the alignment can be a tedious task, especially if the engine is still in the car. To check for proper alignment, you will need a dial indicator, some basic tools, and a bit of patience.
Checking bellhousing alignment
1. Make sure that dowel pins and the mating surface of the engine block are clean and free
from dirt and/or paint. Next, mount the bellhousing securely to the engine block. If using
a scattershield be sure to mount the block saver plate as well. Torque all bellhousing-toengine
bolts to specification.
Note: If using a scattershield, make sure that the dowel pins protrude out far enough to
let the scattershield and block plate fit on the flat part of the dowel (not on the tapered
part of the dowel). If the scattershield is resting on the tapered part this will cause
inaccurate measurements. It may be necessary to tap the stock dowels out far enough
to allow this. Alternatively, you can purchase longer dowel pins if required.
2. Install magnetic dial indicator base on the flywheel/end of crankshaft and adjust the dial
plunger so that it contacts the inside edge of the register bore of the bellhousing (Fig. 1).
If you need to create space for the dial indicator base to sit flat on the flywheel, remove
two of the flywheel bolts that are directly across from one another. Please note that the
dial indicator base does not need to be dead-centered on the crank during this process
but it must be solidly mounted. If you do not have a dial indicator, Summit Racing has an
inexpensive one with a magnetic base for about $30 (Summit part #SUM-900016-1).
3. Once you are ready to measure, there are two steps in aligning your bell housing.
The first step is to see what direction the bell housing is out of spec. Remember
zero is the spec and .005” is the out of spec tolerance. The second step is to see how
far out of spec the bell housing is and how far you need to move it to be within the
.000”- .005” spec.
Step One:
Determine if bellhousing is in, or out, of allowable alignment tolerance
First start out with the dial indicator anywhere in the circle - it is not necessary to start at
any given point. Rotate the engine (crank) until the needle on the indicator moves to the
right. The needle moving to the right indicates that the bellhousing is getting closer to the
centerline of the crank shaft. Continue rotating the engine until the indicator stops
moving to the right and starts to move backward. Stop at this spot and put a mark on the
bellhousing at this point. This is the point of the housing that is closest to the centerline
of the crank shaft. For example: If the indicator finds the closest point to be at 2:00
o'clock you would need to move the housing in that direction to correct the mis-alignment
(i.e. towards 2:00 o’clock and away from 8:00 o’clock). After completing this step, you
will know which direction to move the housing to correct an out-of-tolerance misalignment.
Step Two:
Determining how far the bellhousing needs to be moved if the bellhousing is out
of allowable alignment limits (greater than .005”).
After finding the closest point to the centerline of the crankshaft from step 1, set the dial
indicator to “zero”. From this point forward as you rotate the crank, the needle on the
indicator should move only to one side of zero. If it moves to the positive side of zero,
you must re-zero the indicator as described in step 1. After rotating the crank (and
therefore the dial indicator) 360* and watching the read out on the indicator, if your
maximum measurement (needle movement) is .010" or less, your bellhousing is within
allowable tolerance. If this is the case you are finished with this process and can
proceed with your installation. If your indicator readings show more than .010", your
belllhousing is NOT within allowable tolerance and you will need to correct it with offset
dowel pins as described below. To understand how far out of tolerance your bellhousing
is, take the highest reading on the indicator and divide this number by two. For example:
If your maximum read out is .016", .016 divided by 2 is .008". In this case a set of .007"
offset dowel pins will be able to correct the alignment to within .001". Offset dowel pins
are available in the following sizes: “.007, .014” and .021”.
Tremec, GM, Ford, Chrysler and most other manufacturers specify a maximum
misalignment, or “runout” of .005". If you have more than .005” runout you will need to
correct this by using offset dowel pins. If your reading is .005” or less, your bellhousing is
within tolerance and you are finished with this process. If you have between .005” –
.040” misalignment, you can correct the misalignment by using the correct size offset
dowel pins. If this is the case with your bellhousing proceed to step #4. If your
misalignment is greater than .040” you have either measured incorrectly or there is a
problem with your bellhousing and it will likely need to be replaced.
4. To correct misalignment, you will need to use offset dowel pins. These dowel pins come
in various sizes. Select the offset dowel pin set that is closest to 1/2 of the runout reading
(i.e. if runout is .016” then 1/2 of .016” = .008”; in this instance you would select .007”
dowels). If your runout is .014” you would use the, .007” dowels. If you are at .010”, you
also use the .007” dowels as they are closest. We recommend RobbMC Performance
Products (
http://www.robbmcperformance.com) for a good set of adjustable dowel pins.
5. Before installing your dowel pins It is important to mark each dowel at it’s highest point
which will help you to install them correctly. You can use a permanent marker and your
dial indicator to do this. Doing this will assist you when you install the dowels to keep
them clocked the same as each other. When you install and position your dowels they
should be set with your marked high points clocked at the same position as your closest
to center of the crankshaft mark that you made on the bellhousing in step 1. For
example: If your closest to the center line mark is at 3 o’clock then your markings on the
dowels should be at 3 o’clock.
6. To remove the stock dowel pins drive them through from the front of the car towards the
rear using a brass drift or by using gripper pliers or vice grips and pulling them out.
Properly clean engine block dowel pin holes and lightly coat with lubricant.
7. Lubricate new offset dowel pins and install them into engine block. Remember, you must
find the high spot on the dowel with the dial indicator and mark it so the dowels can be
installed equal to one another. Refer to the adjustable dowel pin installation instructions
supplement included with this manual.
8. Install bellhousing and torque bolts to specification. Re-mount the dial indicator and
recheck runout by repeating step #2. Small corrections can be made by loosening the
bellhousing bolts and turning the dowels with a wrench to bring the bellhousing within
limits.
Congratulations – you have completed an important step.
*** If you are using a McLeod scattershield and you choose to check alignment, do so
without the silver register ring installed in the register hole – checking alignment with this
ring in place will give you a false reading.
These installation notes are provided to help you with the installation process. To the best of
our knowledge, this information is accurate; however it is in no way guaranteed. Every car is
unique and will represent unique challenges. There is no guarantee of proper fitment in your
particular vehicle and you need to take responsibility for your own installation. When
installing your transmission, be sure to follow proper torque & alignment specifications. Also,
it is important to follow proper break-in procedures. Classic Motorsports Group is not
responsible, in any way, for any damage, financial or otherwise, to you or your vehicle.
RobbMc Offset
To correct a misaligned bellhousing, RobbMc offset dowel pins are designed for easy installation into your engine block and provide for a much simpler bellhousing alignment process.
1. After determining the direction the bellhousing needs to move, remove the bellhousing and
existing dowel pins from your engine block. In most cases, it is possible to drive the existing
dowels out of the block from the front side using a blunt punch and a hammer. If the front of the dowels cannot be accessed for whatever reason, the dowels can often be removed by twisting and pulling with vice grips. If this fails, the pins can sometimes be removed by drilling and tapping the ends of the dowels and using a slide hammer. If the pin is in a blind hole, it may also be possible to drill and tap all the way through the pin and then drive a screw through the pin. As the screw comes in contact with the back wall of the blind hole it will push the pin out as the screw is turned.
2. Before inserting the pins into the block, make sure the allen screws in the pins are not tight or the pins will not slip into the block. Insert the dowels into the block with the slit end of the dowel facing towards the block. The dowels should be a slip fit (or perhaps a very light press fit) into the block. If the pins do not slip in check for burrs on the pins and/or in the holes in the block. Insert the pins into the block until the offset prevents the pins from going any further.
3. Rotate the pins so that the offsets of the pins are pointing in the desired direction. Note that the two flats machined into the pins are parallel with the pin's offset. If necessary, an open end wrench can be used to turn the pins. The flats on the two pins must be parallel to one another (i.e. the pins must be rotated to the same angle) or the bellhousing will not fit over the pins. Tighten the allen head screws in the pins lightly (just enough so that the pins won’t move accidentally while installing the bellhousing).
4. Re-install the bellhousing and check for alignment using your dial indicator. If the bellhousing is still not within specification (.005”), loosen the bellhousing bolts and rotate the dowels slightly using an open end wrench. Re-tighten the bellhousing bolts and recheck the alignment.
5. Once the bellhousing is aligned within .005”, hold the dowels in place with an open end wrench and tighten the allen head screws to secure the dowels and lock them in place. Do not over tighten the allen head screws (8 lbs. of torque maximum). If the dowel pin needs to be turned again, the screw can be loosened and the pin can be turned to a new angle. It is not necessary to remove the pin from the block to reposition it.
6. If it is not possible to achieve proper alignment, pins with a different amount of offset may be required. Call us if you need a different set of dowels.
For questions, please call Hurst Driveline Conversions at 760.438.2244